Hybrid Architecture

September 2017

Negar Moghtadaei

Yashar Montazeri

Dr. Mohammadreza Akbarian (Supervisor)

Dr. Hassan Osanloo (Supervisor)

Abstract

Todays, with the industrialization of human life, the emergence of vehicles, and the increasing population of cities due to increasing migration, the quality of human life has undergone fundamental changes that have had a positive and negative impact on human life. Pollution, traffic, population density, urban isolation, energy wastage, boredom and many other urban problems have plagued modern life. Also, the separation of functions in urban areas and the specialized functions of neighborhoods in the contemporary period due to generally economic reasons have caused some social harms in the urban areas. The emergence of such challenges in the metropolises of the present century has led to the adoption of strategies in various fields, including architecture in developed countries, which over the years has had a positive impact on improving the quality of urban life. Using of hybrid architecture as a new phenomenon in the 21st century is a solution that is proposed to revitalize such urban spaces in today’s life. Hybrid architecture with its unique features, while paying attention to today’s human needs, takes a forward-looking approach to meet the future necessities of human-kind and provides a new definition of lifestyle. Hybrid architecture is formed in the hearth of densely populated cities with the aim of reviving urban space, socialization, improving and increasing the green space area and reducing the pressures caused by increasing the population of cities. This architecture is moving towards sustainable development of metropolises.

Key words

Hybrid architecture, dense cities, modernism, third millennium architecture, mixed used architecture.

Revitalization of dense urban spaces through the use of hybrid architecture

(Case study central metropolitan areas of Tehran with a focus on region 12)

2020, Submitted to Journal of Architecture and Urbanism

Negar moghtadaei

Yashar Montazeri

Dr. Mohammadreza Akbarian (Supervisor)

Dr. Hassan Osanloo (Supervisor)

Abstract

One of the most important problems in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries is the rising desire of urbanization and increasing of the urban population, which has created many challenges in all megacities including Tehran. Population growth in central areas of the cities, due to the limited volume of land, will lead to high urban density and by increasing demand, land prices will multiply. The result is separation of land functions, single-functionalization of areas, and the emergence of isolated buildings in urban contexts. Along with heavy traffic due to high density, waste of energy and time consumption and pollution production, with the reduction of collective and interactive spaces due to lack of economic justification and expansion of economic uses to urban fabric will suffer from recession, isolation and insecurity. A clear example of such negative developments can be seen in the central areas of Tehran, such as areas 11 and 12; in these areas, the population density of the day is more than five times the night population due to the single functionality of the uses (functions), and in many neighborhoods, these areas are empty during the night.

This article will examine the causes of these challenges and evaluate the role of hybrid architecture as a model to solve such issues. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection has been done through urban planning, library and documentary studies, as well as field surveys.

In this paper, after examining the general conditions of dense tissues in the world’s metropolises, the impact of hybrid architecture on dense tissues will be evaluated. Also, district 12 of Tehran has been analyzed as one of the densely populated central areas of Tehran. The role of hybrid architecture on the reclamation of urban context, improving the quality of urban space, uniform distribution of functions and improving social relations in the region is examined.

Keywords

Hybrid architecture, Third millennium architecture, Revitalization of dense urban space, Flexible urban context, sustainable architecture

The modernism challenges in the Tehran metropolis and the investigation of the hybrid architecture role to solve these problems

2017, Quarterly Journal of Rahpooye Honar, 40 & 41, 18-31.

Negar moghtadaei

Yashar Montazeri

Dr. Mohammadreza Akbarian (Supervisor)

Abstract

Tackling the issues raising from increasing population and industrialization of life is one of the important topics in architecture and urban design in most of metropolitans including Tehran. This has raised many issues for people in the society and the government tries to solve today’s urban life issues in different ways. Economic problems, increase in life expectancy, improvement of life quality, desire to progress and many other reasons result in the huge immigration form towns to cities in the recent century. This makes the management of this huge population and responding to their needs difficult. In the city centers where the public service is mostly better, on one hand there is a very dense population, traffic, pollution and other urban issues, and on the other hand the businessmen try to send the housing utilities to the outskirts and use these city center areas for commercial purposes. These business and commercial centers are only active for limited time in the day and they occupy huge areas that are not active in almost two third of the day, and as a result, there is no population flow during those hours and they become dead zones in the most valuable city areas, i.e. city centers. Hybrid architecture is a type of architecture that aims to solve these problems, and has proved to be successful in restoration of dense and crowded areas in many big cities that had similar issues.

We have used many different references to establish the concept and have analyzed many existing built examples. We provide the history and positive experiences and benefits of hybrid architecture. In the end we compare the situations and evaluate the existing examples with the current state in Tehran to possibly modify the existing models to suit Tehran and this way try to make some improvements and try to solve the urban issues in Tehran metropolis. We propose that this model will be successful in Tehran similar to how it was in other metropolitan cities.

Key words

Hybrid architecture, dense cities, modernism, third millennium architecture, mixed used architecture.

Hybrid architecture is a solution to meet the diverse and variable needs of today’s urban societies

4^th international congress on civil engineering, architecture and urban developement 2016, Shahid beheshti university, Tehran, Iran

Negar moghtadaei

Yashar Montazeri

Dr. Mohammadreza Akbarian (Supervisor)

Abstract

Today, with the rapid development of human life and the emergence of diverse and variable needs in urban communities, we are witnessing the inability to meet these needs in various sectors, especially in architecture and urban planning. Despite the perspectives and development plans in the micro and macro areas of architecture, the high speed of lifestyle changes dramaticly and the occurrence of unexpected needs, makes urban buildings inefficient in both architecture and interior architecture, in providing and solving these needs. This factor reduces the useful life of buildings and as a consequence the need to make consecutive changes and constructions in cities. The new urban lifestyle and the ineffectiveness of past architectural methods have led to the birth of new types of architecture in the world’s in dense and industrial cities, that each with unique features trying to provide a more appropriate solution to the needs of society. One of the most efficient of these types of architecture in the world is hybrid architecture, which has received positive results from its implementation in dense urban systems, and its main design feature is adaptation to future unforeseen needs and changes.

In this article, we have tried to introduce this type of architecture and analyze its parameters and features, how to meet today’s human needs in the field of architecture and interior architecture and urban planning, a more sustainable type of architecture for large and densely populated cities such as Tehran.

Key words

Hybrid Architecture, Functions Integration, Flexibility, Mixed-used architecture, Social Condenser

Hybrid architecture and its role in the sustainable development of dense cities

4^th international congress on civil engineering, architecture and urban developement 2016, Shahid beheshti university, Tehran, Iran

Negar moghtadaei

Yashar Montazeri

Dr. Mohammadreza Akbarian (Supervisor)

Abstract

Todays, by industrilisation of human life and emergence of vehicles and increasing the population of cities due to growing immagration, the quality of human life has been changed dramaticly which these fluctuation have positive and negative effects on human life. The pollution, traffic, population density, isolation, waste of energy and time and many other urban issues have plagued modern life Also, the separation of functions in urban areas and the specialization of places in neighborhoods in the contemporary period have caused some social harms in the urban area.

To get rid of such problems, our cities need to achieve sustainable development with the help of architectural types which emerged from the intellectual context of the same period and while solving today’s problems, have an approach to construct the future. Hybrid architecture as a new phenomenon in the 21st century, rooted in past architecture with mixed-use architecture, is the solution that is being proposed today to revitalize such urban spaces. In this article, we examine hybrid architecture as a sustainable type of architecture and its role in treating the problems caused by the overcrowding of dense contemporary cities.

Key words

Hybrid Architecture, Mixed-Use architecture, Sustainable Development, Urban Density, Multifunctionality, Spatial Integration

An overview of the postmodern and traditional on analogies from the fractal landscape and its role in shaping Iran’s modern architecture style

2020, to be submitted

Negar moghtadaei

Abstract

Fractals were discovered by Benoît Mandelbrot in 1975. Although fractal geometry is a relatively new topic in the contemporary centuries, and it has been used as a new method in the creation of architectural forms, but some examples of this geometry is found in the classic architecture. By examining the buildings built in the pre-modern era in different parts of the world, one can see examples of the use of fractal geometry. Application of fractals in past architecture was generally unconscious and in some cases was combined with Euclidean geometry; to the extent that perhaps they can be considered as a kind of Euclidean architecture with a sense of fractal. The considerable point is the widespread use of this geometry in various situations from production of forms to embellishment and details in the architecture of the past. By reviewing fractal geometry in postmodern and traditional architecture, we see fundamental differences between the two periods. The definition of fractal geometry refers to the repetition of self-similar geometric patterns at different scales and with order hidden in disorder. As a transition from tradition to modernity, the degree of complexity and irregularity gets closer to the border of chaos and the repetition of patterns change from objective to relative similarity, and at the same time dynamics increases in the of buildings and their forms get more similar to the natural structures. For this reason, there is a kind of evolution in this style of architecture. Review of the past Iranian architecture reveals the existence of fractal patterns in forms, embellishment, and geometric patterns. By reviewing and matching the fractal geometry and Iranian architecture and combining them together, a new style of contemporary Iranian architecture can emerge which has a completely modern Iranian identity and is in accordance with the structures in nature.

Keywords

Geometry, Fractal, Postmodern, Iranian architecture, Chaos, Disorder, Micro-scale, Pattern

Recognizing geometry in the architecture of Iranian mosques and its role in creating a sense of spatial spirituality from the perspective of Islamic wisdom

2020, to be submitted

Negar moghtadaei

Abstract

Mosques, especially Iranian mosques, are the places where we experience a different feeling when we enter the building and atmosphere. Some experts attribute this difference and spiritual feeling to the spirit of the place. By investigation on production of atmospheres or ambiances, and the concomitant development of the sense of an interior, we come to the conclusion that, this different sense of space is felt more in some buildings and less in others. Which factors can create a special atmosphere, in other words, blow spirit into the architecture? Which elements in the architecture of Iranian mosques make the human psychological experience in these spaces different than others? The most important architectural features of the mosques include the presence of geometry and light. In this article, we investigate the role of light in creating the spirit of place in the interior of Iranian mosques.

Keywords

Wisdom of Islamic Art and architecture, Mosque, Geometry, Spirit of Place, Sense, Spirituality, Sacred Architecture